Carcinoid Syndrome — Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
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چکیده
The carcinoid syndrome describes the signs and symptoms associated with unregulated vasoactive hormone production by neuroendocrine tumors. Carcinoid tumors can be found anywhere throughout the body, but these will not result in carcinoid syndrome unless they form in the liver as a primary tumor or as a metastasis. Symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing. VIPomas usually form in the pancreas and release vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) which results in profound chronic diarrhea with concomitant hypokalemia and dehydration, wheezing, and flushing (similar to carcinoid syndrome). VIPomas are often associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MENI). Diagnosis is based off blood or urine measurements of serotonin and VIP. Treatment consists of minimizing symptoms with medication and complete surgical removal of the tumor.
منابع مشابه
Carcinoid Syndrome — Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
The carcinoid syndrome describes the signs and symptoms associated with unregulated vasoactive hormone production by neuroendocrine tumors. Carcinoid tumors can be found anywhere throughout the body, but these will not result in carcinoid syndrome unless they form in the liver as a primary tumor or as a metastasis. Symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing. VIPomas...
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